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EXAMINATION AND DIAGNOSIS OF TMJ
/ TMD
The primary means of diagnosing
TMD is by the doctor listening to the patient's history. No blood
test or computer analysis that can diagnose TMD. X-rays and/or MRIs
may indicate when there is a bone disease or displaced disc in the
joint, but imaging cannot tell whether there is pain.
The primary way to diagnose
a TMD condition is the doctor to take a thorough history
in which the patient tells the doctor about his or her condition,
and by the dentist analyzing information from questionnaires the
patient fills out before the first visit.
After listening to a patient
the doctor formulates a potential diagnosis and then an examination
of the TM joints, the jaw muscles, and neck helps to confirm the
probable diagnosis.
TM joint examination typically
consists of manual palpation of the TM joint to test for
pain, feeling the motion of the joint with a finger placed over
the joint, to feel for abnormal motion, and watching the mouth open,
close, and move sideways. Most patients do not need X-rays but when
there is a problem in the TM joint either X-rays to view the jaw
bones or an MRI to view the soft tissues and disc in the joints
may assist the doctor to make the diagnosis. Although various electronic
instruments are available the information they provide assists in
making a diagnosis but in and of themselves, they cannot alone make
a diagnosis.
Clinical examination of the muscles of the
head, neck, and jaws consists of palpation in which the doctor uses
finger- tips to sense muscle tightness, pain, or knots. If the knots
are trigger points, and if the trigger points are referring pain
to another area, palpating the trigger point will either increase
or decrease the referred pain. Also, stretching the muscle or injecting
the trigger point with local anesthetic may confirm whether pain
is being referring from a trigger point. Although there are various
electromyographic instruments that can measure the electrical activity
in a muscle, these instruments cannot in and of themselves make
a diagnosis.
Overview
of TMJ / TMD | Causes
of TMJ / TMD | Symptoms
of TMJ / TMD
Examination and diagnosis
of TMJ / TMD | Treatments for
TMJ / TMD | Insurance
considerations
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